The Eleventh Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) concluded without a consensus outcome document, continuing a pattern of deadlock that has persisted for already 16 years. While the NPT remains one of the most widely adhered-to security treaties and has played a central role in preventing nuclear proliferation, progress on disarmament and agreement among States Parties have proven far more difficult to achieve.

Against this backdrop, the 2026 Review Conference combined procedural innovation with familiar political divisions. New approaches to drafting and negotiation sought to facilitate consensus, but disagreements over compliance, disarmament, regional security, and the future of the review process ultimately prevailed.

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