Sixteen years after the last agreed outcome in the NPT review process, repeated deadlocks have become a defining feature of the review cycle.
Over time, this pattern has gone hand in hand with a gradual shift: issues that prove difficult to resolve within the NPT framework are increasingly being taken up in other processes and institutional settings.
As these dynamics unfold, the NPT review process remains central, but no longer exclusive, to how questions of nuclear governance are addressed — a development that adds further complexity to a system already marked by persistent challenges to consensus.

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